Environmental pollution and health in Chilean older adults: Impact on quality of life and functional autonomy.

Background and Aims: Due to increased urbanization and industry, environmental pollution is a serious public health concern. Globally, the quality of life is particularly lowered by exposure to high amounts of particulate matter (PM). Chile has five industrial zones with high pollution levels, called "sacrifice zones." However, the effect of polluted air on the quality of life and functional autonomy (FA) of older people living in industrial zones with high pollution levels is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the quality of life and FA differences between Chilean older women (OW) living in areas with lower and higher PM levels. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two OW volunteered for this study. The sample was divided into Zone 1 (PM2.5 ≤ 15 µg/m3, n = 36) and Zone 2 (PM2.5 > 15 µg/m3, n = 36). The variables were quality of life-assessed through the SF-36v2.0 questionnaire, and FA-assessed through the GDLAM protocols. Differences between zones were tested by Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test, both for independent samples (p < 0.05). Results: All eight dimensions of quality of life were lower in Zone 2, of which the role emotional (RE) showed significant differences between zones (p < 0.05). Performance on the GDLAM protocols and the FA index were lower in Zone 2 (p ˃ 0.05). Conclusion: OW in Zone 2 showed lower quality of life and FA. PM could affect the older population's physical and mental health and, therefore, the quality of life.

Muscle Quality Index is inversely associated with psychosocial variables among Chilean adolescents.

A good muscle quality index (MQI) may have an inverse relationship with psychosocial variables of depression, anxiety, and stress in adolescents. Unfortunately, little scientific evidence has related MQI to psychosocial variables in this population. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the relationship between the MQI and psychosocial variables of depression, anxiety, and stress in Chilean adolescents. In this quantitative correlational design study, sixty adolescents participated voluntarily (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: age 15.11 ± 1.78 years). Anthropometric parameters, prehensile strength, MQI, and psychosocial variables were evaluated. The results showed that adolescents with high levels of MQI presented lower levels of depression (7.50 ± 6.06 vs. 10.97 ± 5.94), anxiety (5.64 ± 4.81 vs. 9.66 ± 5.12), and stress (6.79 ± 5.09 vs. 10 ± 5.58), in addition to reported lower abdominal obesity (WtHR, 0.47 ± 0.07 vs. 0.52 ± 0.07) than those with low levels of MQI. The group with high levels of MQI reported a higher prevalence of nonanxiety (81.3%, p = 0.031) and a lower prevalence of abdominal obesity (55.8%, p = 0.023). Likewise, a significant inverse association was evidenced between MQI and depression (ß; -6.18, 95% CI; -10.11: -2.25, p = 0.003), anxiety (ß; -6.61, 95% CI; -9.83: -3.39, p < 0.001) and stress (ß; -4.90, 95% CI; -8.49: -1.32 p = 0.008). In conclusion, the results suggest that high levels of MQI are associated with a higher prevalence of nonanxiety in adolescents and a significant inverse association between MQI and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Effects of acute beta-alanine supplementation on post-exertion rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, blood lactate, and physical performance on the 6-minute race test in middle-distance runners / Efectos de la suplementación aguda con beta-alanina sobre el índice de esfuerzo percibido, la frecuencia cardíaca y el lactato sanguíneo posesfuerzo, y el rendimiento físico en la prueba de carrera de 6 minutos en corredores de media distancia

Background: the use of beta-alanine (BA) to increase physical performance in the heavy-intensity domain zone (HIDZ) is widely documented. However, the effect of this amino acid on the post-exertion rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate (BL) is still uncertain. Objectives: a) to determine the effect of acute BA supplementation on post-exertion RPE, HR, and BL in middle-distance athletes; and b) todetermine the effect of acute BA supplementation on physical performance on the 6-minute race test (6-MRT). Material and methods: the study included 12 male middle-distance athletes. The design was quasi-experimental, intrasubject, double-blind& crossover. It had two treatments (low-dose BA [30 mg·kg-1] and high-dose BA [45 mg·kg-1]) and a placebo, 72 hours apart. The effect of BA was evaluated at the end of the 6-MRT and post-exertion. The variables were RPE, HR and BL, and 6-MRT (m) distance. The statistical analysis included a repeated-measures ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results: the analysis evidenced no significant differences at the end of 6-MRT for all variables (p < 0.05). However, both doses of BA generated a lower post-exertion RPE. The high dose of BA caused significant increases in post-exertion BL (p < 0.05). Conclusion: acute supplementation with BA generated a lower post-exertion RPE. This decrease in RPE and the post-exertion BL increase could be related to an increase in physical performance in HIDZ. (AU)

Introducción: el uso de beta-alanina (BA) para aumentar el rendimiento físico en zonas con dominio de alta intensidad (HIDZ) está ampliamente documentado. Sin embargo, el efecto de este aminoácido sobre el índice de esfuerzo percibido (RPE), la frecuencia cardíaca (HR) y el lactato sanguíneo (BL) aún es incierto. Objetivos: a) determinar el efecto de la suplementación aguda de BA sobre el RPE, la HR y el BL posesfuerzo; y b) además del rendimiento en la prueba de carrera de 6 minutos (6-MRT), en atletas de media distancia. Material y métodos: el estudio incluyó a 12 atletas masculinos de media distancia. El diseño fue cuasiexperimental, intrasujeto, doble ciego y cruzado. Incluyó dos tratamientos (BA en dosis baja [30 mg·kg-1] y BA en dosis alta [45 mg·kg-1]) y placebo, con 72 horas de diferencia. El efecto de BA se evaluó al final de los 6-MRT y posesfuerzo. Las variables fueron RPE, HR y BL, y distancia en 6-MRT (m). El análisis estadístico incluyó un ANOVA de medidas repetidas (p < 0,05). Resultados: el análisis no evidenció diferencias significativas al final de los 6-MRT para todas las variables (p > 0,05). Sin embargo, ambasdosis de BA generaron un menor RPE posesfuerzo. La dosis alta de BA generó incrementos significativos en el BL posesfuerzo (p < 0,05). Conclusión: la suplementación aguda con BA generó un menor RPE posesfuerzo. Esta disminución del RPE y el aumento en el BL posesfuerzo podrían estar relacionados con un aumento del rendimiento físico en HIDZ. (AU)

Effects of acute beta-alanine supplementation on post-exertion rating of per-ceived exertion, heart rate, blood lactate, and physical performance on the 6-minute race test in middle-distance runners.

Introduction: Background: the use of beta-alanine (BA) to increase physical performance in the heavy-intensity domain zone (HIDZ) is widely documented. However, the effect of this amino acid on the post-exertion rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate (BL) is still uncertain. Objectives: a) to determine the effect of acute BA supplementation on post-exertion RPE, HR, and BL in middle-distance athletes; and b) to determine the effect of acute BA supplementation on physical performance on the 6-minute race test (6-MRT). Material and methods: the study included 12 male middle-distance athletes. The de-sign was quasi-experimental, intrasubject, double-blind & crossover. It had two treat-ments (low-dose BA [30 mg·kg-1] and high-dose BA [45 mg·kg-1]) and a placebo, 72 hours apart. The effect of BA was evaluated at the end of the 6-MRT and post-exertion. The variables were RPE, HR and BL, and 6-MRT (m) distance. The statistical analysis included a repeated-measures ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results: the analysis evidenced no significant differences at the end of 6-MRT for all variables (p ˃ 0.05). However, both doses of BA generated a lower post-exertion RPE. The high dose of BA caused significant increases in post-exertion BL (p ˂ 0.05). Conclusion: acute supplementation with BA generated a lower post-exertion RPE. This decrease in RPE and the post-exertion BL increase could be related to an increase in physical performance in HIDZ.

Introducción: Introducción: el uso de beta-alanina (BA) para aumentar el rendimiento físico en zo-nas con dominio de alta intensidad (HIDZ) está ampliamente documentado. Sin em-bargo, el efecto de este aminoácido sobre el índice de esfuerzo percibido (RPE), la frecuencia cardíaca (HR) y el lactato sanguíneo (BL) aún es incierto. Objetivos: a) determinar el efecto de la suplementación aguda de BA sobre el RPE, la HR y el BL posesfuerzo; y b) además del rendimiento en la prueba de carrera de 6 mi-nutos (6-MRT), en atletas de media distancia. Material y métodos: el estudio incluyó a 12 atletas masculinos de media distancia. El diseño fue cuasiexperimental, intrasujeto, doble ciego y cruzado. Incluyó dos trata-mientos (BA en dosis baja [30 mg·kg-1] y BA en dosis alta [45 mg·kg-1]) y placebo, con 72 horas de diferencia. El efecto de BA se evaluó al final de los 6-MRT y posesfuerzo. Las variables fueron RPE, HR y BL, y distancia en 6-MRT (m). El análisis estadístico in-cluyó un ANOVA de medidas repetidas (p < 0,05). Resultados: el análisis no evidenció diferencias significativas al final de los 6-MRT pa-ra todas las variables (p ˃ 0,05). Sin embargo, ambas dosis de BA generaron un menor RPE posesfuerzo. La dosis alta de BA generó incrementos significativos en el BL poses-fuerzo (p ˂ 0,05). Conclusión: la suplementación aguda con BA generó un menor RPE posesfuerzo. Esta disminución del RPE y el aumento en el BL posesfuerzo podrían estar relacionados con un aumento del rendimiento físico en HIDZ.

Variable Resistance-An Efficient Method to Generate Muscle Potentiation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Variable resistance (VR) is a methodology that has shown good results in developing muscular strength and power. However, no updated information relates to the use of VR as an activation to trigger post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE). The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to review and qualitatively describe studies published between 2012 and 2022 that used VR to generate PAPE in muscle power-dominant sports. The secondary objective was to calculate the effect size of the different power outcomes reported in the selected studies. The search was designed following the PRISMA® guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and performed in the Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and MEDLINE between 2012 and 2022. The methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The main variables were the throwing speed, time in sprint tests, and jump height. The analysis was conducted with a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) through a Hedges' g test (95% CI). Twenty-two studies were included in the systematic review and ten in the meta-analysis, revealing a trivial effect for throwing speed (SMD = 0.06; CI = 95%: -0.23-0.35; p = 0.69), a small effect for the time in sprint tests (SMD = -0.37; CI = 95%: -0.72--0.02; p = 0.04), and a moderate effect for jump height (SMD = 0.55; CI = 95%: 0.29-0.81; p ˂ 0.0001). All forms of VR used for neuromuscular activation effectively triggered PAPE. Specifically, the results showed that activation with VR generates performance increases in time, in sprint tests and jump height, and a trivial effect in throwing tests (speed and distance).

Complicaciones de la técnica anestésica mandibular Spix en la clínica odontológica de la Universidad Andrés Bello / Incidence of complications of mandibular anesthetic Spix techniques in the Andrés Bello University dental clinic

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de complicaciones de la técnica anestésica Spix en procedimientos odontológicos a pacientes atendidos en la clínica de la Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB). Material y Métodos: Se analizó a 37 pacientes que fueron atendidos por alumnos de cuarto y quinto año de la clínica odontológica, a los cuales se le realizó la técnica anestésica Spix para realizar el procedimiento odontológico. Se consignó mediante la observación la presencia de formación de hematomas intraorales en el sitio de punción, rotura de la aguja, cantidad de tubos de solución anestésica inyectados, presencia de dolor a la inyección de solución anestésico y la presencia o no de parálisis facial. Mediante la recolección de datos y posterior encuesta a los participantes se consignó la presencia de trismus al día siguiente de la atención y parestesia persistente al día siguiente de la atención. Resultados: De 37 pacientes estudiados que recibieron la técnica anestésica Spix, 6 presentaron hematoma intraoral (16,2%), ninguno reportó rotura de la aguja, 1 presentó parálisis facial (2,7%), 1 presentó parestesia persistente al día siguiente (2,7%), 12 presentaron trismus posterior a la inyección (32,4%). El rango de dolor reportado fue entre 1 y 4 según la escala EVA. Conclusión: Hay una baja incidencia de las complicaciones asociadas a la técnica anestésica Spix en la clínica odontológica de la UNAB, siendo el trismus la complicación más frecuente. Se necesita un mayor número de muestra para entender mejor esta realidad.

Objective: To determine the incidence of complications of the Spix anesthetic technique in the dental procedures of patients attended at the Andrés Bello University dental clinic. Material and Methods: 37 patients who were cared for by fourth- and fifth-year students from the dental clinic of the Andrés Bello University were analyzed, who underwent the Spix anesthetic technique to perform the dental procedure. The presence of intraoral hematoma formation at the puncture site, needle breakage, number of injected anesthesia tubes, presence of pain upon injection of anesthetic and the presence or not of facial paralysis were recorded. Through data collection and subsequent survey of the participants, the presence of trismus was recorded the day after care. Results. Of the 37 cases of patients studied who received the Spix anesthetic technique, 6 had intraoral hematoma (16.2%), no needle break was reported, 1 had facial paralysis (2.7%), 1 had persistent paresthesia at the next day (2.7%), 12 presented trismus after the injection (32.4%), the pain range was between 1 and 4 according to the VAS scale. Conclusion. There is a low incidence of complications associated with the Spix anesthetic technique in the Andrés Bello University dental clinic, trismus being the most frequent (32.4%). A larger sample number should be needed to better understand this reality.

Acute Supplementation with Beta-Alanine Improves Performance in Aerobic-Anaerobic Transition Zones in Endurance Athletes.

To determine the acute effect of low and high-dose BA trials on maximal aerobic speed (MAS) in endurance athletes. We hypothesized that high doses of BA have a greater effect than low doses, both compared to baseline.Twelve male endurance athletes volunteered for the study (age = 21.8 ± 2.37 years, weight = 69.8 ± 4.36 kg, height = 174 ± 5.45 cm, maximal oxygen uptake = 59.6 ± 3.77 mLO2·kg-1·min-1). The experimental design applied was randomized cross-over, double-blind. Treatment included three 6-minute run tests (6-MRT), the first as a baseline, then randomized 6-MRT with low (30 mg·kg-1) and high (45 mg·kg-1) dose BA trials. The 6-MRTs were separated by 72 hours. The main variable of the study was the distance (m) performed in the 6-MRT. Differences between tests were established through ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison tests (p < 0.05).The analysis showed significant differences between baseline and both doses (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between low and high-dose BA trials (p > 0.05).Both 30 and 45 mg·kg-1 of BA increased physical performance at maximal aerobic speed in endurance athletes. The acute intake formats described in the present investigation may be helpful for endurance athletes training and competing in aerobic-anaerobic transition zones.

SASA: una escala sencilla de mortalidad postoperatoria explorada en un centro de atención de tercer nivel en México / SASA: a simple scale of postoperative mortality explored in a third-level care center in Mexico

Resumen: Introducción: Las complicaciones postquirúrgicas han sido causa importante de muerte. Por lo tanto, el uso de predictores sencillos de mortalidad con una nueva escala llamada SASA podría indicar un riesgo postoperatorio de mortalidad a los 30 días aplicado en una muestra en población mexicana. Material y métodos: Exploramos una asociación entre la clasificación de estado físico de la Sociedad Americana de Anestesiólogos (ASA-PS), el Apgar quirúrgico (sAs) y la puntuación de SASA con un análisis univariado en 371 pacientes estimando la relación de probabilidades (OR) y graficando las curvas de operación característica del receptor (receiver-operating-characteristic [ROC]) para cada escala. Resultados: Obtuvimos los valores de dos; [sensibilidad; 81.82% (IC del 95%: 48.2-97.72), especificidad; 40.56% (IC del 95%: 35.44-45.83)], 6; [sensibilidad; 81.82% (IC del 95 %: 48.2-97.72), especificidad; 77.5% (IC del 95%: 72.83-81.71)] y 10; [sensibilidad; 81.82% (IC del 95%: 48.2-97.72), especificidad; 83.6% (IC del 95%: 78.77-86.78)] como los mejores puntos de corte para el ASA-PS, sAs y SASA respectivamente. Conclusiones: el cálculo de SASA obtuvo la misma sensibilidad, pero mejor especificidad y área bajo la curva cuando se comparó con el ASA-PS y el sAs.

Abstract: Introduction: Post-surgical complications have been a significant cause of death. Therefore, the use of easy preoperative mortality predictors is recommended. A new SASA score could indicate a perioperative risk more globally at 30-days of the postoperative period applied in a Mexican sample. Material and methods: 371 patients were analyzed. We explore an association between the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification (ASA-PS), the surgical Apgar score (sAs), and the new SASA score to assess 30-days mortality after surgery using univariate analysis to estimate the odds ratio (OR). Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for each scale. Results: We obtained values of two; [sensitivity; 81.82% (95% CI: 48.2-97.72), specificity; 40.56% (95% CI: 35.44-45.83)] 6; [sensitivity; 81.82% (95% CI: 48.2-97.72), specificity; 77.5% (95% CI: 72.83-81.71)] and 10; [sensitivity; 81.82% (95% CI: 48.2-97.72), specificity; 83.6% (95% CI: 78.77-86.78)] as the best cut-off points for ASA-PS, sAs and SASA respectively. Conclusions: To predict postoperative 30-days mortality, SASA calculation as a new score obtained the same sensitivity but better specificity and area under the curve (AUC) for the ROC compared with the ASA-PS and the sAs.

Resultados del tratamiento con Heberprot-P® en pacientes con diagnóstico de pie diabético / Outcomes of Treatment with Heberprot-P® in Patients Diagnosed with Diabetic Foot

Introducción: El pie diabético es una alteración clínica de base etiopatogénica neuropática e inducida por la hiperglucemia mantenida, en la que con o sin coexistencia de isquemia, y previo desencadenante traumático, produce lesión y/o ulceración del pie. Objetivo: Describir los resultados del tratamiento con Heberprot-P® en pacientes con pie diabético. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal descriptivo y prospectivo en pacientes con pie diabético pertenecientes al policlínico Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero del municipio Camagüey, durante el período de julio del 2019 a julio del 2020. El universo de estudio estuvo integrado por un total de 60 pacientes con diagnóstico de pie diabético a quienes se les aplicó factor de crecimiento epidérmico. La información se procesó a través del paquete estadístico SPSS versión 21. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes del grupo de edad de 65 a 74 años (35 por ciento), el sexo femenino (58,8 por ciento), con hipertensión arterial asociada (81,8 por ciento). El 38,4 por ciento de los diabéticos se presentaron con lesiones en los dedos, grado II (63,3 por ciento) según la escala de Wagner. Conclusiones: Con la aplicación del Heberprot-P® presentaron dolor (78,3 por ciento) como efecto adverso y una cicatrización total a la respuesta del tratamiento (96,6 por ciento), lográndose mantener la integridad del miembro(AU)

Introduction: Diabetic foot is a clinical alteration of neuropathic etiopathogenic basis, induced by maintained hyperglycemia, in which, with or without coexistence of ischemia, as well as previous traumatic trigger, foot injury or ulceration is produced. Objective: To describe the outcomes of treatment with Heberprot-P® in patients with diabetic foot. Methods: Descriptive and prospective cross-sectional study carried out in patients with diabetic foot belonging to the Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero Polyclinic of Camagüey Municipality, during the period from July 2019 to July 2020. The study universe was made up of a total of sixty patients diagnosed with diabetic foot who were applied epidermal growth factor. The information was processed through the statistical package SPSS version 21. Results: Patients in the 65-74 years age group predominated (35 percent), together with the female sex (58.8 percent), as well as associated arterial hypertension (81.8 percent). 38.4 percent of diabetic patients presented with finger lesions of grade II (63.3 percent) according to the Wagner's classification. Conclusions: With the application of Heberprot-P®, pain (78.3 percent) appeared as an adverse effect. There was also total healing as a response to treatment (96.6 percent), which permitted to maintain limb integrity(AU)

Screening de enfermedad renal crónica en pacientes diabéticos de larga evolución de la UMF (unidad de medicina familiar) 222

Contexto: la nefropatía diabética es la primera causa de enfermedad renal crónica en el mundo, sin embargo, no existe información de la prevalencia de Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) en estadios tempranos en México. Una tarea fundamental del primer nivel de atención es la detección oportuna de enfermedades y la ERC en pacientes diabéticos es subdiagnosticada en estadios tempranos al ser asintomática. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia y la estadificación de ERC en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de larga evolución en una unidad de primer nivel de atención, en el estado de México. Metodología: estudio transversal descriptivo. Se incluyeron 263 pacientes calculados por fórmula de población finita y selección aleatoria simple. Se incluyeron pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, ≥ 5 años de evolución, sin encontrarse en terapia sustitutiva de la función renal que cumplieran los criterios de inclusión. Las variables de estudio: características sociodemográficas y la estimación de la tasa de filtración glomerular por la ecuación CKD-EPI fueron descritas en frecuencias y porcentajes para variables categóricas y las variables continuas se reportaron medias y de desviación estándar, la diferencia entre grupos fue establecida por medio de prueba de Chi cuadrado o prueba exacta de Fisher y distribución t de student, de acuerdo con el tipo de variable. Un valor de p ˂ 0,05 fue considerado estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: la clasificación Kdigo presenta seis estadios y los resultados con respecto al grado de filtrado glomerular fueron: estadio 1 con 39,5 % (IC 95 %, 34,2-45,6), estadio 2 con 38,8 % (IC 95 %, 32,7-44,5), estadio 3a con 8 % (IC 95 %, 4,9-11,4), estadio 3b con 5,7 % (IC 95 %, 3,4-8,7), estadio 4 con 6,8 % (IC 95 %, 3,8-9,9) y el estadio 5 con 1,1 % (IC 95 % 0,0-2,7). El promedio de edad fue 69,26 ±11,01 en el grupo con ERC, en la segmentación por género estuvo: masculino en el grupo con ERC con 59,6 % y femenino con 40,3 %. Con respecto a comorbilidades, hipertensión arterial y tratamiento al analizarlas en grupos con ausencia de ERC y presencia de ERC fueron estadísticamente significativas, lo mismo en los resultados de laboratorio. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de sospecha de ERC en nuestra población es de 21 %, al menos 1 de cada 5 pacientes diabéticos con ≥ 5 años de evolución padecen una disminución del FG, sin embargo, no podemos considerarla ERC hasta que se valore la presencia de daño renal y corroborarlo a los tres meses.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), however, there are no data available about the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the early stages in Mexico. A key role in first level attention consists in performing timely screenings for diseases such as CKD. In most cases CKD is underdiagnosed in early stages, because it is asymptomatic. Purpose: To determine the frequency of CKD in long-standing diabetes type 2 Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. We included 263 patients with diabetes type 2 with at least 5 years of evolution, not undergoing renal function replacement therapy. The variables of this study were: sociodemographic characteristics and estimation of the glomerular filtration rate through the CKD-EPI equation. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages. For continuous variables, mean and standard deviation were reported. The significance of differences between groups was assessed by Student's t-test or square chi or Fisher's exact test, and p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: the KDIGO classification has 5 stages. The results regarding the degree of glomerular filtration: stage 1 with 39.5% (95% CI, 34.2-45.6) , stage 2 with 38.8% ( 95% CI, 32.77-44.5),stage 3a with 8% ( 95% CI, 4.9-11.4), stage 3b with 5.7% (95% CI, 3.4-8.7), grade 4 with 6.8% (95% CI, 3.8-9.9) and stage 5 with 1.1% (95% CI 0.0-2.7). The average age was 69.26 ± 11.01 in the group with CKD. Male gender predominated in the group CKD with 34 (59.6%) and 23 (40.3%), for female. Regarding comorbidities, hypertension arterial and treatment when analyzed for either absence or presence of CKD were statistically significant. The same findings can be obtained in laboratory results. Conclusion: The prevalence of suspected CKD in our population is 21%, at least 1 in 5 diabetic patients with ≥5 years of evolution suffer a decrease in GFR; however, we cannot consider it to be CKD until the presence of kidney damage is assessed and confirmed at 3 months.

Estrategia educativa sobre COVID-19 en adultos mayores de la Casa de Abuelos Esperanza de Tínima

RESUMEN Introducción: la pandemia de COVID-19 exige que la población se familiarice con sus características para su identificación y prevención, sobre todo los adultos mayores, por ser los más vulnerables. Objetivo: impartir una estrategia educativa sobre la COVID-19 a los adultos mayores de la Casa de Abuelos Esperanza de Tínima, pertenecientes al Policlínico Comunitario Docente Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero, del municipio Camagüey. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención educativa durante el período de julio a septiembre de 2020. El universo estuvo conformado por los 23 adultos mayores de la Casa de Abuelos Esperanza de Tínima, quienes ofrecieron su consentimiento informado para participar en la investigación. A estos se les aplicó un cuestionario antes y después de la estrategia educativa. Los datos se procesaron a través del paquete estadístico SPSS 21.0 y se resumieron mediante la frecuencia absoluta y relativa. Resultados: antes de implementar la estrategia educativa, se observó que los adultos mayores presentaban un desconocimiento del agente causal de la enfermedad (60,9 %), de las manifestaciones clínicas (56,4 %), de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes (69,6 %), de las vías de transmisión (65,3 %) y de las medidas de prevención (56,4 %). Conclusiones: la estrategia educativa diseñada e implementada contribuyó al incremento del nivel de información de los adultos mayores sobre la COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic demands the population to become familiar with its characteristics in order to identify and prevent it, mainly elder people because they are the most vulnerable. Objective: to impart an educational strategy on COVID-19 to elder people from the elders home Esperanza de Tínima, belonging to the Teaching Community Policlinic Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero, municipality of Camaguey. Materials and methods: an educational intervention was acrriedout during the period from July to September 2020. The universe was formed by 23 elder people from the elders home Esperanza de Tínima who gave their informant consent to participate in the research. They applied a questionnaire before and after educational strategy. Data were processed using the statistical package SPSS 21.0 and summarized through absolute and relative frequency. Results: before implementing the educational strategy, it was detected that elder people showed lack of knowledge of the disease causal agent (60.9 %), its clinical manifestations (56.4 %); of the most frequent chronic diseases (69.6 %), of the transmission ways (65.3 %) and of the prevention measures (56.4 %). Conclusions: the designed and implemented educational strategy contributed to increase the information level elder people have on COVID-19.

Citologías alteradas en mujeres pertenecientes a un grupo básico de trabajo de Camagüey

RESUMEN Introducción: El cáncer de cuello uterino es una neoplasia maligna que se encuentra asociada a un número notable de factores de riesgo y, dentro de ellos, a la conducta sexual. Objetivo: Analizar las características clínico-epidemiológicas de mujeres con citologías alteradas de un grupo básico de trabajo perteneciente al Policlínico Comunitario Docente "Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero", municipio Camagüey. Método: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, descriptivo, durante el período enero-diciembre de 2020. Se trabajó con un universo de 62 mujeres pertenecientes a los 11 consultorios urbanos del Grupo Básico de Trabajo 1, con presencia de citologías alteradas diagnosticadas mediante estudio histológico y/o citológico. Las variables utilizadas fueron: grupo de edad, antecedentes familiares de patologías de cuello y cuerpo uterino, factores de riesgo, infección con el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y los resultados histopatológicos de Papanicolaou. El procesamiento y análisis de datos se realizó utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 21.0. Resultados: La mayor incidencia de lesiones de cuello uterino ocurrió en el grupo de edad de 25 a 34 años (43,5 %), con antecedentes familiares maternos (45,1 %). La infección vaginal (100 %) y la multiparidad (82,2 %) fueron consideradas como principales factores de riesgo. Predominaron las pacientes con el virus del papiloma humano en un 87,1 %. Además, la citología con resultados de neoplasia cervical intraepitelial (NIC I) fue la más diagnosticada (40,3 %). Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo analizados muestran una importante relación directa entre el virus del papiloma humano y los resultados de las citologías cervicales alteradas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cervical uterine cancer is a malignant neoplasm that is associated with remarkable number of risk factors, including sexual behavior. Objective: To analyze the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of women with altered cytology treated by a basic work group at the Policlínico Docente Comunitario "Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero", in Camagüey municipality. Method: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2020. It worked with a total of 62 women (as universe) treated in 11 different urban clinics associated to the Basic Work Group 1, all women with altered cytology diagnosed by histological and/or cytological study. Variables used were as follow: group of age, family history linked to the cervical and uterine body pathologies, risk factors, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and histopathological Papanicolaou results. Data processing and analysis were performed using the statistical package SPSS version 21.0. Results: The highest incidence of cervical uterine lesions occurred in the group of age 25 to 34 (43.5%), and the 45.1% showed a maternal family history. Vaginal infection (100%) and multiparity (82.2%) were considered the main risk factors. Patients with HPV predominated in 87.1%. In addition, cytology with findings of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1) was the most frequently diagnosed (40.3%). Conclusions: It is concluded that the risk factors analyzed show a significant direct relationship between HPV and altered cervical cytology outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O câncer do colo do útero é uma neoplasia maligna que está associada a um notável número de fatores de risco e, entre eles, ao comportamento sexual. Objetivo: Analisar as características clínico-epidemiológicas de mulheres com citologias alteradas de um grupo básico de trabalho da Policlínico Comunitario Docente "Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero", município de Camagüey. Método: Estudo transversal descritivo realizado no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2020. Trabalhamos com um universo de 62 mulheres pertencentes às 11 clínicas urbanas do Grupo de Trabalho Básico 1, com presença de citologias alteradas diagnosticadas por estudo histológico e/ou citológico. As variáveis utilizadas foram: faixa etária, história familiar de patologias cervicais e do corpo uterino, fatores de risco, infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV) e resultado histopatológico do Papanicolaou. O processamento e a análise dos dados foram realizados no pacote estatístico SPSS versão 21.0. Resultados: A maior incidência de lesões cervicais ocorreu na faixa etária de 25 a 34 anos (43,5%), com história familiar materna (45,1%). Infecção vaginal (100%) e multiparidade (82,2%) foram considerados os principais fatores de risco. Pacientes com HPV predominaram em 87,1%. Além disso, a citologia com resultado de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC I) foi a mais diagnosticada (40,3%). Conclusões: Conclui-se que os fatores de risco analisados apresentam uma relação direta importante entre o HPV e os resultados das citologias cervicais alteradas.

Effects of Training with Different Modes of Strength Intervention on Psychosocial Disorders in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Physical exercise has a positive impact on anxiety and depression. However, the evidence that associates strength training with a decrease in adolescents' psychosocial disorders is scarce. Consequently, the objective was to analyze the effects of training with different modes of strength intervention on anxiety, stress, and depression in adolescents. The search was designed according to PRISMA®. We searched WoS, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and MEDLINE (2010-2020). Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration. The analysis was carried out with a standardized mean difference (SMD) pooled using the Hedges g test (95% CI). The Main Outcome Measures were: anxiety, stress, and depression in adolescents post strength training. Nine studies were included in the systematic review and seven in the meta-analysis. These studies showed a large and significant effect of strength training on anxiety (SMD = -1.75; CI = 95%: -3.03, -0.48; p = 0.007) and depression (SMD = -1.61; CI = 95%: -2.54, -0.67, p = 0.0007). In conclusion, training with different modes of strength intervention have shown control over anxiety and depression in adolescents. However, conventional strength training seems to have better results than other modes of strength intervention.

Adherencia terapéutica en pacientes hipertensos de un consultorio médico perteneciente al Policlínico Universitario "Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero" / Adherence to treatment in hypertansive patients from a local primary care office linked to the Policlínico Universitario "Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero" / Adesão terapêutica em hipertensos atendidos em consultório médico da Policlínica Universitária "Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero"

RESUMEN Introducción: La medicación antihipertensiva de pacientes mayores de 20 años amerita un riguroso control, que garantice un adecuado mantenimiento del estado de salud de dicho grupo poblacional. Objetivo: Analizar la adherencia terapéutica en los pacientes con hipertensión arterial del Consultorio del Médico de Familia No. 4, perteneciente al Policlínico Universitario "Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero", del municipio Camagüey. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal durante el periodo de octubre de 2020 a febrero de 2021. Se trabajó con los 98 pacientes de 20 y más años de edad, con dificultad en su control de la tensión arterial debido al incumplimiento de su tratamiento. Se midieron las variables: edad, sexo, grado de hipertensión, adherencia al tratamiento a través del test de Morisky-Green-Levine, cantidad de fármacos utilizados y los factores de la no adherencia. La información se procesó a través del paquete estadístico SPSS 25.0. Resultados: Existió un predominio de los mayores de 60 años (46,9 %), del sexo masculino en un 58,1 %, clasificados como grupo II de la hipertensión arterial (51 %). Predominaron los pacientes con una adherencia parcial terapéutica (68,3 %) según el test de Morisky-Green-Levine y con la utilización de tres fármacos como tratamiento de la enfermedad (46,9 %). Dentro de los factores más frecuentes predominaron la dificultad con la obtención del medicamento (86,7 %) y la realización de la dieta (77,5 %). Conclusiones: La no adherencia terapéutica en los pacientes hipertensos los expone a la aparición de complicaciones cardiovasculares, con la repercusión que conlleva para el individuo, la familia y la sociedad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The antihypertensive treatment in patients with 20 or more years old requires strict controls in order to maintain their healthy life span. Objective: To assess the therapeutic adherence in patients with hypertension from the Family doctor's office No. 4, linked to the Policlínico Universitario "Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero", in Camagüey. Method: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study during the period from October 2020 to February 2021 was conducted. In the research 98 patients with 20 or more years old were recruited to work with. Patients with difficulties in their blood pressure control due to the noncompliance with the treatment. Variables assesed were as follow: age, sex, stage of hypertension, adherence to treatment using the Morisky-Green-Levine test, drugs used, and non-adherence factors. The information gathered was processed via SPSS statistic 25.0. Results: Patients with 60 years old (46.9%), males (58.1%), and clasified as stage 2 hypertension (51%) were predominant. Also, were predominant patients with partial therapeutic adherence (68.3%) (asper the Morisky-Green-Levine test outcomes), and patients whitch used three types of drugs to treat the illness (46.9%). The most common factors found were lack of drugs to treat the hypertension (86.7%) and the inadequate diet (77.5%). Conclusions: Non-adherence to treatment in hypertensive patients expose them to adquire any cardiovascular complication, aspect whitch affect patients themselve, family, and the society.

RESUMO Introdução: A medicação anti-hipertensiva em pacientes com mais de 20 anos exige um controle rigoroso, o que garante uma manutenção adequada do estado de saúde desse grupo populacional. Objetivo: analisar a adesão terapêutica em pacientes com hipertensão arterial no Consultório Médico de Família nº 4, pertencente à Policlínica Universitária "Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero", do município de Camagüey. Método: Estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo, de outubro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021. Trabalhamos com 98 pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 20 anos, com dificuldade de controle da pressão arterial devido à não adesão ao tratamento. As variáveis foram mensuradas: idade, sexo, grau de hipertensão, adesão ao tratamento pelo teste de Morisky-Green-Levine, quantidade de medicamentos utilizados e fatores de não adesão. As informações foram processadas por meio do pacote estatístico SPSS 25.0. Resultados: Houve predomínio dos maiores de 60 anos (46,9%), 58,1% do sexo masculino, classificados como grupo II de hipertensão arterial (51%). Predominaram pacientes com adesão terapêutica parcial (68,3%) pelo teste de Morisky-Green-Levine e com uso de três medicamentos para tratamento da doença (46,9%). Dentre os fatores mais frequentes, predominou a dificuldade de obtenção do medicamento (86,7%) e da dieta alimentar (77,5%). Conclusões: A não adesão terapêutica em hipertensos os expõe ao aparecimento de complicações cardiovasculares, com as repercussões que isso acarreta para o indivíduo, a família e a sociedade.

Características clínico y epidemiológicas de pacientes con VIH/sida / Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with HIV/AIDS

Introducción:La infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, es una de las infecciones de trasmisión sexual más importantes para la salud a nivel mundial y una de las más temibles del presente siglo.Objetivo:Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con VIH/sida.Métodos:Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el Policlínico Universitario Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero, en el periodo de enero a mayo del 2020. Conformaron el universo de estudio 154 pacientes con VIH, a través de un muestreo aleatorio simple al azar se seleccionó una muestra de 95. Se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, orientación sexual, los antecedentes de infecciones de transmisión sexual, el tiempo de la evolución y las manifestaciones clínicas. La información se obtuvo a través de la observación, la entrevista, las historias clínicas y de salud familiar.Resultados:El 34.7 por ciento de los pacientes se ubicó en las edades de 20 a 29 años, del sexo masculino el 56.8 por ciento; la orientación bisexual en 44.3 por ciento, la blenorragia en un 54.7 por ciento. Prevalecieron los de cinco años y menos en el diagnóstico 53.7 por ciento y las manifestaciones clínicas de fiebre, 95.7 por cientoy la pérdida de peso el 86.3 por ciento.Conclusiones:Predominan los adultos jóvenes, masculinos con cinco años y menos en el diagnóstico con antecedentes de otras infecciones de transmisión sexual y la orientación bisexual. La fiebre y la pérdida de peso sobresale como manifestaciones clínicas.(AU)

Introduction:Infection by human immunodeficienfy virus is one of the most important sexually transmitted infections for health all over the world and it is one of the most frightened in the present century.Objective:To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with HIV/AIDS.Methods:A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero University Policlinic, from January to May, 2020. The universe under study was formed by 154 patients with HIV/AIDS, the simple of 95 patients was selected through a simple sampling at random. The studied variables were age, sex, sexual orientation, personal history of sexually transmitted infections, time of evolution, and clinical manifestations. The information was obtained by observation, an interview, patients charts and family health records.Results:The 34.7 per cent of the patients were from 20 to 29 years old, the male sex the 56.8 per cent; the bisexual orientation in 44.3 per cent, gonorrhea in a 54.7 per cent. Patients with five years or less, prevailed in the diagnosis, 53.7 per cent and the clinical manifestations were fever, 95.7 per cent and loss of weight, the 86.3 per cent.Conclusions:Male, young adults with five or less years of diagnosis, with personal history of other sexually transmitted infections and bisexual orientation prevailed. Fever and loss of weight overhang as clinical manifestations.(AU)

Sleep Quality in Chilean Professional Soccer Players.

Recent research has shown that good sleep quality has a positive effect on physical performance. However, sleep quality in Chilean professional soccer players is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine sleep quality in Chilean professional soccer players. It was a cross-sectional, explanatory study with observable variables. The sample consisted of 94 Chilean male soccer players belonging to four professional clubs. The main variable was the Sleep Quality Index, evaluated through the Pittsburgh questionnaire (Spanish version). After estimating sleep quality individually, the four professional soccer clubs' comparison was performed through a one-factor ANOVA. The Pearson test was used to relate the questionnaire variables; the significance level was p < 0.05. In the global analysis of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a value of 4.75 ± 2.29 on a scale of 0-21 was observed, with no significant differences between the clubs evaluated (p > 0.05). Based on the results obtained, Chilean male professional soccer players present good sleep quality. However, the high values of "sleep latency" and "sleep disturbances" are indicators that should be worked on by the multidisciplinary team of each professional club. They should develop strategies to improve sleep hygiene, encourage good sleep, and fall asleep efficiently.

Effects of a period without mandatory physical training on maximum oxygen uptake and anthropometric parameters in naval cadets.

The effects of a period without physical training on the civilian population are well established. However, no studies show the effects of a period without mandatory physical training on maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and anthropometric parameters in naval cadets. This study aimed to investigate changes in VO2 max and anthropometric parameters after 12 weeks without mandatory physical training in naval cadets. The sample was 38 healthy and physically active naval cadets. The measured variables, including VO2 max and anthropometric parameters, were evaluated through the 12-minute race test (12MRT) and the somatotype. Both variables had a separation of 12 weeks without mandatory physical training. A t-test for related samples was used to evidence changes between the test and post-test; effect size was calculated through Cohen's d-test. Distance in 12MRT and VO2 max showed significant decreases at the end of 12 weeks without mandatory physical training (p < 0.001). Likewise, the tricipital skinfold thickness and the endomorphic component showed significant increases (p < 0.05). 12 weeks without mandatory physical training significantly reduces the VO2 max in naval cadets. Simultaneously, the same period without physical training increases both the tricipital skinfold thickness and the endomorphic component in this population.

Características clínicas-epidemiológicas de pacientes confirmados a la enfermedad en la etapa post COVID-19 en Camagüey / Clinical-epidemiological characteristics of patients confirmed to the disease in the post-COVID-19 stage in Camagüey / Características clínico-epidemiológicas de pacientes confirmados para a doença no estágio pós-COVID-19 em Camagüey

RESUMEN El año 2020 sorprende al mundo con un nuevo coronavirus que produce la enfermedad COVID-19 altamente contagiosa, de una significativa mortalidad. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal durante el periodo de julio a noviembre de 2020 con el objetivo de caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente los pacientes confirmados a la enfermedad en la etapa post COVID-19 en Camagüey. El universo de estudio conformado por 27 pacientes que asistieron al servicio de urgencia de las áreas de salud con síntomas respiratorios y los 36 pacientes procedentes del extranjero positivos al RCP-RT, para un total de 63. Se emplearon las variables: edad, sexo, fuente de infección, país de procedencia, aeropuerto de arribo al país, municipios afectados, manifestaciones clínicas y enfermedades crónicas asociadas. Los datos se procesaron a través del paquete estadístico SPSS versión 25.0.La COVID-19 afectó a personas jóvenes entre 20 a 39 años (47,7 %) del sexo masculino (60,3 %), con predominio de los importados del exterior (57 %) procedentes de Venezuela (33,3 %), con entrada al país por el aeropuerto José Martí (61,2 %). Camagüey fue el municipio más afectado (58,7 %) donde predominaron los pacientes asintomáticos (73 %), con hipertensión arterial (17,4 %) y la diabetes mellitus (11,1 %).

ABSTRACT The year 2020 surprises the world with a new coronavirus that produces the highly contagious COVID-19 disease, with a significant mortality. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out during the period from July to November 2020 with the aim of characterizing clinically and epidemiologically patients confirmed to have the disease in the post-COVID-19 stage in Camagüey. The study universe made up of 27 patients who attended the emergency service of the health areas with respiratory symptoms and the 36 patients from abroad positive for RT-CPR, for a total of 63. The variables were used: age, sex, source of infection, country of origin, airport of arrival in the country, affected municipalities, clinical manifestations and associated chronic diseases. The data were processed through the SPSS version 25.0 statistical package. COVID-19 affected young people between 20 and 39 years old (47.7%) of the male sex (60.3%), with a predominance of those imported from abroad (57%) from Venezuela (33.3%), entering the country through the José Martí airport (61.2%). Camagüey was the most affected municipality (58.7%) where asymptomatic patients (73%), with arterial hypertension (17.4%) and diabetes mellitus (11.1%) predominated.

RESUMO O ano de 2020 surpreende o mundo com um novo coronavírus que produz a doença altamente contagiosa COVID-19, com mortalidade significativa. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal no período de julho a novembro de 2020 como objetivo de caracterizar os pacientes clinicamente e epidemiologicamente com confirmação da doença no estágio pós-COVID-19 em Camagüey. O universo do estudo foi composto por 27 pacientes atendidos em pronto-socorro das áreas de saúde com sintomáticos respiratórios e 36 pacientes estrangeiros positivos para RT-RCP, totalizando 63. Foram utilizadas as variáveis: idade, sexo, fonte de infecção, país de origem, aeroporto de chegada ao país, municípios afetados, manifestações clínicas e doenças crônicas associadas. Os dados foram processados ​​por meio do pacote estatístico SPSS versão 25.0. O COVID-19 afetou jovens entre 20 e 39 anos (47,7%) do sexo masculino (60,3%), com predomínio dos importados do exterior (57%) da Venezuela (33,3%), entrando no país através do José Aeroporto de Martí (61,2%). Camagüey foi o município mais acometido (58,7%) onde predominaram pacientes assintomáticos (73%), com hipertensão arterial (17,4%) e diabetes mellitus (11,1%).

A qualitative scale of the 6-minute race test to evaluate maximum aerobic speed in physically active people from 18 to 25 years.

[Purpose] To create a qualitative scale for the 6-minute race test in physically active participants from 18 to 25 years old. [Participants and Methods] The sample was 299 healthy participants (254 males and 45 females). All the participants were instructed to perform the greatest possible distance in the 6-minute race test. To evaluate the reliability of the 6-minute race test, 30 participants performed the 6-minute race test for a second time. The variable was distance in meters. The qualitative scale was constructed with the percentiles <25, 50, 75, 90 and >90 for the criteria poor, fair, good, very good and excellent, respectively; the reliability was calculated with the coefficient of variation, intra-class correlation coefficient and the standard error of the mean. [Results] In the 6-minute race test, the mean was 1,607 and 1,364 meters for males and females, respectively. The coefficient of variation=4.08%, intra-class correlation coefficient=0.93 and standard error of the mean=11.46. [Conclusion] The creation of the qualitative scale of the 6-minute race test allows us to evaluate and classify the level and increase of maximum aerobic speed in physically active participants from 18 to 25 years old.

Fuerza prensil como factor predictor de Ansiedad-Rasgo en estudiantes universitarias / Grip strength as a predictor of Trait-Anxiety in university students

Introducción: Investigaciones han determinado que la implementación de programas de actividad física mejora la salud mental. Sin embargo, aún existen dudas sobre la relación entre fuerza muscular y la presencia de trastornos psicosociales como ansiedad y estrés en la población universitaria. Objetivo: Relacionar la condición física, específicamente la fuerza prensil, con la presencia de Ansiedad-Rasgo en estudiantes mujeres. Materiales y métodos: Investigación empírica con estrategia asociativa predictiva, con un diseño predictivo transversal. La muestra fue de 30 estudiantes mujeres de pregrado. Las variables físicas predictoras evaluadas fueron antropometría, fuerza prensil y consumo máximo de oxígeno, mientras que la Ansiedad-Rasgo se midió por medio del Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado Rasgo (STAI). Se realizó análisis estadístico con una regresión logística ordinal entre las variables físicas predictoras y nivel de Ansiedad-Rasgo. Resultados: Se evidenció que sólo la fuerza prensil fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,033). Este análisis expresado en Odds Ratio, asume un 74,36% de probabilidad que a un menor nivel de fuerza prensil, mayor presencia de Ansiedad-Rasgo. Conclusiones: La fuerza prensil, además de ser un parámetro físico que permite detectar riesgo cardiovascular y patologías asociadas, también debería ser considerada en la determinación de alteraciones en salud mental.

Introduction: Research has revealed that the implementation of physical activity programs improves mental health. However, there are still doubts about the relationship between muscle strength and the presence of psychosocial disorders such as anxiety and stress in the university student population. Objective: To study the association of a physical condition (grip strength) and the presence of Trait-Anxiety in female students. Materials and methods: An empirical research with a predictive associative strategy was conducted on a sample of 30 female undergraduate students. The predictor physical variables assessed were anthropometry, grip strength, and maximum oxygen consumption. Trait-Anxiety was evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Statistical analysis was performed through ordinal logistic regression between predictor physical variables and level of Trait-Anxiety. Results: Only grip strength was statistically significant (p=0.033). This analysis, expressed as Odds Ratio, assumes a 74.36% probability that the lower level of grip strength, the greater chances of having Trait-Anxiety. Conclusions: Grip strength is not only a physical parameter to detect cardiovascular risks and associated pathologies, but also it should be used to identify mental health disorders.